路 11:5-13 · 讀 15 分鐘,想和寫 15 分鐘
夜裡,雲縫裡露出一彎月亮。一扇拱門下面,門的下半截關著,一個戴著睡帽的人從門裡探出身子,一隻手舉著點亮的蠟燭,另一隻手託著疊在一起的三個圓餅。門外站著一個年輕人,兩手伸過去接。遠處的街上,一頭牲口低著頭,旁邊站著一個人。你看,門裡的人臉上是什麼神情?
揚·呂肯(Jan Luyken),《夜裡到朋友那裡求三個餅的人的比喻》(Gelijkenis van de man die 's nachts bij zijn vriend drie broden komt vragen),1712 年,蝕刻版畫,荷蘭阿姆斯特丹國立博物館藏。公有領域。 Wikimedia Commons(1–4 节)耶穌禱告完了,有個門徒對他說:「求主教導我們禱告」(路 11:1)。耶穌就教他們說:「我們在天上的父」(路 11:2)……
5耶穌又說:“你們中間誰有一個朋友,半夜到他那裡去說:‘朋友,請借給我三個餅,
6因為我有一個朋友行路,來到我這裡,我沒有什麼給他擺上。’
7那人在裡面回答說:‘不要攪擾我,門已經關閉,孩子們也同我在床上了,我不能起來給你。’
8我告訴你們,雖不因他是朋友起來給他,但因他情詞迫切地直求,就必起來照他所需用的給他。
9我又告訴你們,你們祈求,就給你們;尋找,就尋見;叩門,就給你們開門。
10因為凡祈求的,就得著;尋找的,就尋見;叩門的,就給他開門。
11你們中間作父親的,誰有兒子求餅,反給他石頭呢?求魚,反拿蛇當魚給他呢?
12求雞蛋,反給他蠍子呢?
13你們雖然不好,尚且知道拿好東西給兒女,何況天父,豈不更將聖靈給求他的人嗎?”
為什麼講這個比喻。 耶穌自己剛禱告完,一個門徒說:「求主教導我們禱告,像約翰教導他的門徒」(路 11:1)。耶穌先教了他們一段禱告(2–4 節),接著講了這個比喻。馬亨利說,耶穌這樣講,是要激勵我們禱告時恆切、火熱、不住地求。
Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible, Vol. V,路 11:1-13。譯自英文原著。
He stirs up and encourages importunity, fervency, and constancy, in prayer
半夜。 吉爾說,半夜去敲門,看起來很不是時候,若不是真有急難、沒有別的辦法,沒有人會這樣做。克拉克說,6 節「行路,來到我這裡」,更照字面可以譯作“走岔了路來到我這裡”:一個朋友趕夜路、迷了路,才找上門來。這樣,事情就更急了。
John Gill, Exposition of the Entire Bible,路 11:5;Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible,路 11:6。譯自英文原著。
which may seem a very unseasonable time, and which nothing but real distress, not knowing what otherwise to do, would put a man upon
A friend of mine is come to me out of his way
a friend of mine, benighted, belated, and who has lost his way, is come unto me
which renders the case more urgent
“門已經關閉”。 馬亨利說,門已經關上、上了閂,孩子們就睡在同一間屋裡,一出聲就會把他們吵醒。克拉克說,他的小孩子跟他睡在一張床上,這就更難答應鄰舍的請求了。
Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible, Vol. V,路 11:1-13;Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible,路 11:7。譯自英文原著。
The door is shut and locked, his children are asleep in bed, in the same room with him, and, if he make a noise, he shall disturb them.
we may conceive that he had his little children
in bed with him; and this heightened the difficulty of yielding to his neighbor's request
借餅不是為自己。 馬亨利說,這人半夜去借餅,不是為自己,是為一個沒想到會來的朋友。
Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible, Vol. V,路 11:1-13。譯自英文原著。
not for himself, but for his friend that came unexpectedly to him
看見什麼。 門外的人求了一次,門裡的人說了四句不肯的話:「不要攪擾我」「門已經關閉」「孩子們也同我在床上了」「我不能起來給你」(7 節)。可是到最後,他還是「起來照他所需用的給他」(8 節)。耶穌說,他起來,不是「因他是朋友」,是「因他情詞迫切地直求」(8 節)。馬亨利說,那鄰舍不肯罷休,一直敲門,說不拿到就不走。
Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible, Vol. V,路 11:1-13。譯自英文原著。
But his neighbour will have no nay, and therefore he continues knocking still, and tells him he will do so till he has what he comes for
9–13 節和馬太福音的一段話很像,可以放在一起看:
| 太 7:7-11 | 路 11:9-13 | |
|---|---|---|
| 祈求、尋找、叩門 | 一樣 | 一樣 |
| 兒子求什麼 | 餅、魚 | 餅、魚、雞蛋 |
| 天父給什麼 | 「把好東西給求他的人」(太 7:11) | 「將聖靈給求他的人」(13 節) |
如果我在場。 我是那個門徒,剛聽耶穌禱告完,心裡想:我也要學會這樣禱告。耶穌沒有先講方法,卻講了一個半夜敲門借餅的人。馬亨利說,我們來到神面前,要像一個人到鄰舍、朋友家裡去,知道那人愛他、肯善待他,所以放膽、有把握。
Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible, Vol. V,路 11:1-13。譯自英文原著。
We must come to God with boldness and confidence for what we need, as a man does to the house of his neighbour or friend, who, he knows, loves him, and is inclined to be kind to him.
神是怎樣的神。 這個比喻不是說神像那個不肯起來的人。馬亨利說,不是神會被纏得沒辦法;我們攪擾不了他,也不能這樣改變他的旨意。我們纏著人,人答應,是因為人嫌煩;我們恆切求神,神答應,是因為神喜歡。
Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible, Vol. V,路 11:1-13。譯自英文原著。
Not that God can be wrought upon by importunity; we cannot be troublesome to him, nor by being so change his counsels. We prevail with men by importunity because they are displeased with it, but with God because he is pleased with it.
所以耶穌接著講的,不是朋友,是父親:「你們中間作父親的,誰有兒子求餅,反給他石頭呢」(11 節)。馬亨利說,地上的父母雖然不好,尚且這樣仁慈;我們在天上的父,智慧和良善都遠遠超過肉身的父,更要把聖靈給我們。
Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible, Vol. V,路 11:1-13。譯自英文原著。
much more will our heavenly Father, who infinitely excels the fathers of our flesh both in wisdom and goodness, give us his Holy Spirit
和我有什麼關係。 門外那人是替別人求。馬亨利說,我們禱告,要為自己求,也要為別人求;約伯為他的朋友祈禱,耶和華就悅納他(伯 42:10)。
Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible, Vol. V,路 11:1-13。譯自英文原著。
We must come to him by prayer for others as well as for ourselves. This man did not come for bread for himself, but for his friend.
他手上沒有餅,是因為朋友突然來了,不是他自己懶。馬亨利說,神安排落到我們身上的擔子,我們可以歡歡喜喜地再交還給神。
Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible, Vol. V,路 11:1-13。譯自英文原著。
This man would not have wanted bread if his friend had not come in unexpectedly. The care which Providence casts upon us, we may with cheerfulness cast back upon Providence.
接到下一課。 吉爾說,這個比喻的用意,和寡婦與不義的法官那個比喻一樣,那個比喻「是要人常常禱告,不可灰心」(路 18:1)。那個官「不懼怕神,也不尊重世人」(路 18:2),這裡那人也不是看交情;起作用的,都是不住地求。
John Gill, Exposition of the Entire Bible,路 11:8。譯自英文原著。
the design of this parable, is the same with that of the widow and the unjust judge, in Luke 18:1 which is to show the force of importunity
where friendship, as here, and the fear of God, and regard of men, which were wanting there, have no influence
and so to encourage to constancy and perseverance in prayer, with earnestness; taking no denial at the hand of God, but still continuing to make pressing instances
下面三位都是英國的解經家:馬亨利(1662–1714)、吉爾(1697–1771)、克拉克(約 1760–1832)。各段都譯自英文原著,出處附在後面。
經文自己說的(三家都照這個講): 要恆切地求,不可求一次就停;神比地上的父親更肯把好的給求他的人。下面兩處,是讀法不同的地方。
或是得著所求的那一樣,或是得著與它相當的:或是身上的刺挪去,或是賜下夠用的恩典。神若沒有立刻應允,到了時候必應允,只要我們繼續禱告。
Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible, Vol. V,路 11:1-13。譯自英文原著。
either the thing itself you shall ask or that which is equivalent; either the thorn in the flesh removed, or grace sufficient given in.
If he do not answer our prayers presently, yet he will in due time, if we continue to pray.
有人求了卻得不著,是因為妄求(雅 4:3)。人若求得對,就得著所求的,或是立刻得著,或是至少可以確信,到神定的時候必得著。
John Gill, Exposition of the Entire Bible,路 11:10。譯自英文原著。
Some indeed ask and receive not, because they ask amiss, James 4:3
he has the petitions which he asks, either immediately, or, at least, he may be assured he shall have them in God's due time
恆切地求神,主要不是去說動神救你,而是叫自己有合宜的心,去領受神本來就一直樂意給的憐憫。
Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible,路 11:9。譯自英文原著。
Be importunate with God, not so much to prevail on him to save you, as to get yourselves brought into a proper disposition to receive that mercy which he is ever disposed to give.
怎麼看: 三家沒有一位說“求什麼就一定立刻得著什麼”。馬亨利、吉爾看重神的時候和神給的方式,克拉克看重求的人自己的改變。三家都說:要繼續求。
馬太福音平行的地方說的是「把好東西給求他的人」(太 7:11),路加寫的是「將聖靈給求他的人」(13 節)。
我們要求聖靈;聖靈不但是我們好好禱告所必需的,也包括了我們該求的一切好處。聖靈這份恩賜,是我們每個人都該懇切、不住地求的。
Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible, Vol. V,路 11:1-13。譯自英文原著。
We must ask for the Holy Spirit, not only a necessary in order to our praying well, but as inclusive of all the good things we are to pray for
The gift of the Holy Ghost is a gift we are every one of us concerned earnestly and constantly to pray for.
這裡無疑是指聖靈的恩賜和恩典,和屬地父母給兒女的好東西分開,而且比那些更好。
John Gill, Exposition of the Entire Bible,路 11:13。譯自英文原著。
doubtless intends the gifts and graces of the Holy Spirit, in distinction from, and as preferable to the good things given by earthly parents, to their children
怎麼看: 兩家都說,天父最肯給的,是聖靈。至於聖靈怎樣賜下、恩賜包括哪些,這一問,各教會的理解不盡相同,請向你所在的教會請教。
「但因他情詞迫切地直求,就必起來照他所需用的給他」(8 節)
“情詞迫切”,原文是一個詞:ἀναίδεια。Thayer 說,它是從“羞恥心”這個詞來的,加上否定,意思是“不知羞恥、厚臉皮”。用在這一節,是說“一個懇求不休的人”。整本新約,這個詞只在這一節出現。
Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament,G335。譯自英文原著。
a sense of shame
shamelessness, impudence: Luke 11:8 (of an importunate man
半夜敲門,一敲再敲,在別人眼裡是“不識相、不怕丟臉”。和合本譯作“情詞迫切”,欽定本譯作 importunity(纏求不休)。耶穌說的,正是這種不怕難為情的求。
7 節門裡的人說「不要攪擾我」(7 節)。“攪擾”,Thayer 解作“叫人受累,給人添事”,他把這一節和下一課的路 18:5 列在一起:那個官說「只因這寡婦煩擾我」(路 18:5),用的是同一個說法。
Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament,G2873。譯自英文原著。
to cause one trouble, make work for him
馬亨利說,恆切的求,在人那裡能成事,在神那裡更是這樣:那個鄰舍被人求煩了、還生著氣,尚且起來給他;神比我們待彼此仁慈得多,不但不惱我們這樣求,反而悅納。
Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible, Vol. V,路 11:1-13。譯自英文原著。
If importunity could prevail thus with a man who was angry at it, much more with a God who is infinitely more kind and ready to do good to us than we are to one another, and is not angry at our importunity, but accepts it
沒有標準答案,不打分。寫下來,只給自己看。
那個人半夜去敲門,不是為自己,是為朋友。
這一週,選一個人,為他的一件具體的事禱告,每天一次,連續七天。不必說長,可以只說一句。到週末,寫下兩句話:這七天,我為他求了什麼?這七天,我自己有什麼改變?
經文:和合本(1919),用字按本站規則現代化。「不同的看見」裡的註釋都譯自英文原著(公有領域),每段可展開看英文原文。